ละอองดาว

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��ͧ��Ҵ��й��˹ѡ��ҧ� �ѹ�� ͧ�� ҡ��䴌�ҹ ��ͧ��˹ѡ��ŧ�ً��Թ��ͧŋҧ�ҧ�Ǵ�� ͧ�؆��ҡ��Ѻ�ѹ໚��͹��Ҵ �˭��ѧ�ʧ�ҷԵ ��ŷ� ��ˌ�س��ͧ��Թ㵌��Ŵ�� ҡ��ͧ�Թ �Թ��ҹ��؆��ŋҹ�� ͧ�Թ�Ҩ��ʺ�غѵ��˵�� С� ��ѧ�ͧ��ͧ¹��ٴ�؆�ࢌ��§��Ѻ��Фͧ เครื่องบิน

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��ҳ 8 ��͹�� E. Enders �ˋ��Է�� Chicago ��Ѱ��ԡ�䴌㪌�Ō�� ŷ��ȹ��֡�� ͧ��Сͺ�ͧ�ء�Һҵ ��䴌��繡�؋��е��ͧྪý��ً��ء��͹�� Ѵ��ͧྪ� ��ǋ�ྪ��ء��͹�� ׹��ǋ��ͧ��¨ѡ��֧ 100 Ōҹ�� ˌ Enders �Ѵ�Թ� ��ػǆ��ء��͹��໚��ء�Һҵ��ա� ��Դ��ҡ�� Դ�ͧ��ġɏ�ҧ�ǧ��֧��ᵡ�Ѻ 䴌��ҧ�ع�ç�� ˌ��鹹��˭��؋�� ˌǧ�ǡ��ѧ��؋��ҫÌ͹�ͧ��¨ѡ��ѧ��͵�� ǽ؆��ҫÌ͹ˋ��،� ��Ѻ��໚� ��͹�ء�Һҵ��͡�͹�ء�Һҵ��ѹ ��؆��ҧʋǹ䴌��Ѵ��Ш��ŧ�ً�š໚��؆��ء�Һҵ �ˌ Enders ��

Enders �֧䴌�Ѻ��¡ͧǋ�໚��Դ��ͧ�Է��֡��ѵ��ͧ��Ǵ��¡Ōͧ��ŷ��ȹ�

��Ҽ��١��ҡ��ͧ��͡�� ͧ�� §��͹�ѹ ��鹹�� ء��໚��Ѫ��͡��Ҿ�Թ��ҡ�� ١��纡� ��ѧ��͵��䴌 �ѹ��ѹ��ҡ��Ҽ��ͧ�� ͽ؆��ǡ��͡�� ö�ٌ��Ҿ�ͧ�ҡ��ˌ�� Դ��紽؆��䴌ઋ��ѹ

�ҡ��ѡ��ѡ�Է��ʵÏ��ö�͡䴌ǋ� ��ġɏ�� supernova �ѹṋ��Դ ��˵��ó��ع�ç �ʹյ��໚�ઋ�� ͧ��Сͺ�ͧ��硫�赋ҧ� ໚��ҧ�� ԡ��Ï��ġɏ ��ŋҹ��໚��ҧ��

͹��ѧ��ҳ 40 ��͹�� H. Suess �� H. Urey 䴌��ʴ��ˌ�š�ٌǋ��ö ��ŋǧ�ٌ��ش��ó��ͧ�ҵص�ҧ� ��¨ѡ��䴌�ҡ��֡��ء�Һҵ ��㹻� �.�. 2500 ��ͧ M. Burbridge ,W. Fowler �� F. Hoyle ��䴌�ʴ��ˌ��ٌǋҸҵص�ҧ� ��¨ѡ�� ໚��׺��ͧ�ҡ��Դ�ʹյ�ͧ��ġɏ��ǧ��ً�͡��¨ѡ�� ҹ��ͧ �ѡ�Է��ʵÏ䴌��ʺ�� Ѵ��ͧ��ͧ��ա� ��Դ�ҡ��Դ�ͧ��ѡɏᴧ (red giant star) �Ō�䴌��ǋ� �ѡ�� (universe) ��ҳ 14,500 Ōҹ��

�֧��Է��ô�ҹ��ͧ��֡�� 䴌��§��ҳ 10 ��෋ҹ��ͧ�� ᵋ�Է�� ᢹ��ѧ��ԭ�Ժ� ��ѹ෤�� ѹ�� ѧ��ˌ��ٻẺ�ͧ��ԡ�� Ï��ҧ� ��ġɏ �ҡ��֡��ͧ�� T. Bernatowicz �ˋ��Է�� Washington ��Ѱ��ԡ�䴌��Ǩ��ǋ� ��ͧ��ѡ�� Titanium carbide ໚�᡹��ҧ �� graphite ˋ��،� �� ˌ��ٌǋҺ��ҡ��˹��ġɏ��໚��Դ�ͧ��ͧ�� ѹ�٧�ҡ �� Tic ��Ѻ��秡�͹ Graphite

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